UNITED FOR JUSTICE AND DIGNITY

How can governments respond effectively to minerals crime when criminal networks operate across borders, supply chains, and financial systems?As global demand for gold and critical minerals continues to grow, illegal extraction and trafficking are increasingly linked to organized crime, illicit financial flows, corruption, environmental harm, and broader governance vulnerabilities. These dynamics are becoming particularly significant in the Andean–Amazon region, where mineral supply chains intersect with fragile ecosystems, transnational trade routes, and complex governance challenges. UN

Across several regions of Africa, the relationship between terrorism and illicit economies interacts with broader patterns of insecurity. In environments marked by fragile institutions, porous borders and expansive informal markets, violent extremist groups and criminal actors operate within overlapping spaces where the boundaries between legality and illegality are often blurred. These conditions create environments in which illicit economic systems can be exploited by violent extremist groups.Dangerous Liaisons: Assessing the nexus between terrorism and criminal activities in Africa exa

Public trust is the bedrock of legitimate, effective law enforcement. Its importance grows when law enforcement agencies adopt AI systems. Public attitudes towards AI in policing remain cautious, and trust in law enforcement agencies can strongly influence whether the public accepts new technologies. Therefore, it is up to law enforcement agencies to act effectively and, above all, fairly when making decisions about whether, when and how to adopt and implement AI systems.Transparency – through clear, open communication about AI systems and meaningful public engagement – is essential to improvi